Romans 4 · Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
CHAPTER 4 Ro 4:1-25 . The Foregoing Doctrine of Justification by Faith Illustrated from the Old Testament. First: Abraham was justified by faith. 1-3. What shall we say then that Abraham, our father as pertaining to the flesh, hath found?-- that is, (as the order in the original shows), "hath found, as pertaining to ('according to,' or 'through') the flesh"; meaning, "by all his natural efforts or legal obedience."
4-5. Now to him that worketh-- as a servant for wages. is the reward not reckoned of grace-- as a matter of favor. but of debt-- as a matter of right.
6-8. David also describeth-- "speaketh," "pronounceth." the blessedness of the man unto whom the Lord imputeth righteousness without works-- whom, though void of all good works, He, nevertheless, regards and treats as righteous.
9-12. Cometh this blessedness then, &c.-- that is, "Say not, All this is spoken of the circumcised, and is therefore no evidence of God's general way of justifying men; for Abraham's justification took place long before he was circumcised, and so could have no dependence upon that rite: nay, 'the sign of circumcision' was given to Abraham as 'a seal' (or token) of the (justifying) righteousness which he had before he was circumcised; in order that he might stand forth to every age as the parent believer--the model man of justification by faith--after whose type, as the first public example of it, all were to be moulded, whether Jew or Gentile, who should thereafter believe to life everlasting."
13-15. For the promise, &c.-- This is merely an enlargement of the foregoing reasoning, applying to the law what had just been said of circumcision. that he should be the heir of the world-- or, that "all the families of the earth should be blessed in him." was not to Abraham or to his seed through the law-- in virtue of obedience to the law. but through the righteousness of faith-- in virtue of his simple faith in the divine promises.
16-17. Therefore, &c.-- A general summary: "Thus justification is by faith, in order that its purely gracious character may be seen, and that all who follow in the steps of Abraham's faith--whether of his natural seed or no--may be assured of the like justification with the parent believer."
18-22. Who against hope-- when no ground for hope appeared. believed in hope-- that is, cherished the believing expectation. that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be-- that is, Such "as the stars of heaven," Ge 15:5 .
23-25. Now, &c.-- Here is the application of this whole argument about Abraham: These things were not recorded as mere historical facts, but as illustrations for all time of God's method of justification by faith.